“Plagarism” work with Liu Li

In Colin Sowden’s paper, the author has talked about the importance of cultural appropriacy in today’s English language teaching. He tries to distinguish between the plagiarism of ideas and language, and also mainly states authenticity’s originality rather than the copyright since he said, “the role of the students’ own culture in explaining the phenomenon” (Sowden, 2005, pp 226).

 

Annotated Bibliography

 

Ritchie, J. R. B. and Hudson, S. (2009). Understanding and Meeting the Challenges of Consumer/Tourist Experience Research. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11: 111–126. doi: 10.1002/jtr.721

This article based on general ‘experience’ literature, seeks to build a framework. It contains six research streams to identify and provide currently consumer/tourist experience. The streams were set from fundamentals, behaviors, methods, nature and managerial issues of experience. Each stream of thinking was defined with challenges from consumer/tourist experience. Theoretical thinking and empirical research are maintaining in the categories. From this way, this paper helps readers better understand the major challenges faced in consumer/tourist experience. And it also gives the ongoing object of research which accesses the relative level of difficulty and challenges.

 

Ritchie, J. R. B. Tung, V. W. S. and Ritchie, R. J. B. (2010). Tourism experience management research-Emergence, evolution and future directions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 23 No. 4, 2011 pp 419-438

This paper uses content analysis of some leading tourism journals to identify tourism experience. It focuses on proving our understanding of the tourism experience through quantitative and qualitative assessments. This paper is different with various studies in the past cause it is the first formal study mainly evaluated to the ‘leading’ tourism journals to provide tourists with high-quality, memorable experience and quantity management. However, there are also some limitations such as market segmentation, destination image, branding and promotion, as well as destination competitiveness, will all proved in the future research. Although other themes may affect the essence of tourism, but the research of tourist experience will bring great value to tourism.

 

Gopalan, R and Narayan, B. (2009). Improving customer experience in tourism: A framework for stakeholder collaboration. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.seps.2009.11.001

This paper starting with the point of effective management of customer satisfaction proposed a conceptual framework for stakeholder collaboration in tourism. Researchers have developed a four-phase customer experience measurement. They also take an empirical case study of a tourist destination in India to prove the wide applicability of the measurement framework. This framework could be also used in other public sector services. While it assists decision makers in assessing the relative impact of various policy levers, it does not provide a detailed prescription as to the exact amount of resource allocation needed. It is also used to help clarify each stakeholder’s actions to manage cross-functional collaboration so that to improve customer experience in tourism.

 

Royo-Vela, M. (2008). Rural-cultural excursion conceptualization: A local tourism marketing management model based on tourist destination image measurement. Tourism Management 2008.07.013

This article makes a model with presenting a conceptualization and definition which is rural-cultural tourism. It is so popular that the valued marketing research of this kind new tourism is needed. The paper introduces a combination of variables destination, the characteristics of these types of trips, and characteristics of the rural-cultural tourist to do the qualitative and quantitative empirical research. The model identifies a set of variables that span the cognitive and affective components of tourism. It also gives other improvement that developing a reliable scare of rural-cultural destination could be used as a management tool which could also incorporate response of emotions.